Okuma AnlamaSoru #8973
Urban Heat Islands and Biophilic Mitigation
Urban heat islands occur when cities replace natural vegetation with dense concentrations of pavement, concrete buildings, and asphalt. These artificial surfaces possess high thermal mass, absorbing solar heat during the day and radiating it slowly at night. In addition, urban geometry creates "canyon effects" between tall buildings, which trap warmth and obstruct cooling wind currents. Anthropogenic heat generated by vehicular traffic, industrial plants, and building air conditioning units further exacerbates temperature spikes. Consequently, urban downtown cores often register daytime temperatures several degrees higher than adjacent rural hinterlands, with nocturnal temperature differences reaching up to ten degrees Celsius. This prolonged thermal stress has profound socioeconomic and public health consequences. Vulnerable demographics, particularly elderly citizens and low-income neighborhoods lacking green infrastructure, suffer disproportionate rates of heat exhaustion and cardiovascular distress. Furthermore, elevated temperatures skyrocket municipal electricity consumption as residential air conditioning operates continuously, paradoxically pumping even more waste heat into outdoor streets. To counteract this perilous cycle, urban architects are championing biophilic design strategies, including green rooftops, reflective "cool pavements," urban forestry, and restored riparian corridors that dissipate heat through shade and evapotranspiration. According to the passage, urban heat islands develop primarily because ----.
- A)metropolitan areas receive significantly more direct sunlight than surrounding rural meadows
- B)impervious concrete and asphalt surfaces absorb and re-emit solar radiation slowly
- C)cloud cover is completely absent over modern commercial city skyscrapers
- D)urban trees transpire water vapor at twice the rate of wild forest vegetation
- E)underground sewer pipelines generate immense geothermal heat during daylight hours
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Doğru cevap: B) impervious concrete and asphalt surfaces absorb and re-emit solar radiation slowly
Çözüm: Metinde "Urban heat islands occur when cities replace natural vegetation with dense concentrations of pavement, concrete buildings, and asphalt. These artificial surfaces possess high thermal mass, absorbing solar heat during the day and radiating it slowly at night" denmektedir. Doğru seçenek B'dir.