Okuma AnlamaSoru #9351
Synthetic Biology and Engineered Enzymes
Synthetic biology represents a revolutionary paradigm shift from merely observing biological systems to actively designing and programming them from the ground up. By utilizing artificial intelligence tools such as AlphaFold to predict three-dimensional protein structures with atomic accuracy, bioengineers can now design de novo enzymes that have no evolutionary precedents in nature. One of the most promising applications of these custom catalysts is the rapid breakdown of persistent synthetic pollutants, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, into non-toxic organic monomers within hours rather than centuries. Additionally, engineered microbial strains are being programmed to synthesize critical pharmaceutical compounds, bio-jet fuels, and nitrogen-fixing agricultural fertilizers directly from atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, this immense technological capability raises profound biosecurity and ethical questions regarding accidental ecological release and the synthetic creation of novel pathogens. How can custom engineered enzymes help solve environmental pollution, as stated in the text?
- A)By turning carbon dioxide directly into heavy radioactive metals
- B)By decomposing durable PET plastics into harmless organic units within hours
- C)By absorbing industrial smog and converting it into potable drinking water
- D)By permanently freezing plastic waste in sub-zero polar storage vaults
- E)By replacing conventional plastics with toxic biological petroleum resins
Cevabı ve çözümü göster
Doğru cevap: B) By decomposing durable PET plastics into harmless organic units within hours
Çözüm: Metinde sentetik enzimlerin en umut verici uygulamalarından birinin PET plastiklerini yüzyıllar yerine birkaç saat içinde toksik olmayan organik monomerlere parçalamak olduğu belirtilmiştir. Doğru cevap B'dir.